數論諸諦之月光──金七十二

數論諸諦之月光──金七十二

Δ

Sankhya-tattva-kaumudi

數論金七十二月光頌

tattva-kaumudi→→the Moonlight of Truth

₡

〇

X、XX、XXX、LX、L、LX、LXX

LXXII→→金七十二

 

 

KARIKA I.

1 Benediction 祈請

2 Introduction to Karika I 頌一介紹

3 Necessity of Scientific Enquiry 合法契入之必要

4 Threefold Division of Pain 三苦交疊

5 Objection - Inquiry Superfluous 非必要的苦因

6 Reply 答覆

7 Auspiciousness of the beginning word 吉祥止止

 

KARIKA II.

8 Objection - Adequacy of Vedic means 吠陀破礙真諦

9 Similarity of the Vedic with the Obvious means 似吠陀顯理之法

10 Impurity, Decay and Excessiveness of the Vedic means 不潔 衰敗 過分之吠陀意

11 The Impurity of animal slaughter in Sacrifice 殺牲獻祭之不潔

12 Nonpermanence and Excess of the results of Vedic rites答吠陀儀式之非持恆與超越

13 Immortality from Vedic rites means long-durability吠陀儀式之恆持與不朽

14 Discriminative wisdom the only means 智慧辯一之意

15 Literal Interpretation of the Karika 頌逐字逐句闡明

16 Source of discriminative Knowledge 辯析本質差異的知識

 

 

↓↓↓

KARIKA III.

 

17 Fourfold Division of Categories 9

 

18 The Productive (1) 9

 

19 The Productive-product (2) 9

 

20 The Products (3) f 10

 

21 The non-product non-productive (4) 10

 

KARIKA IV.

 

22 The three kinds of Proof 10

 

23 Proof defined H

 

24 The three- foldness of proof ... 11

 

25 Only three kinds of proof H

 

26 The inclusion of all other proofs in the above-mentioned ... 12

 

27 Necessity of enquiry into the different kinds of proof 12

 

28 The order of Explanation 12

 

KARIKA V.

 

29 Specific definitions of the proofs 12

 

UO " Perception," defined ... ... ... 13

 

 

 

VI

 

 

 

PAGE.

 

31 Insentience of Buddhi 13

 

32 Differentiation of w Perception " from the other forms of proof ... 14

 

33 " Inference " as a distinct form of proof ... : 14

 

34 Inference defined 15

 

35 The three kinds of Inference 15

 

36 The first Division of Inference 16

 

37 The Negative a posteriori Inference ... ... 16

 

38 The Affirmative a priori Inference ... ... 16

 

39 " Valid Testimony " based on Inference 17

 

40 Self -evidence of Sruti 18

 

41 Srutis and Puranas included in Valid Testimony ... 18

 

42 Pretended Revelations 18

 

43 Differentiation of Valid Testimony from Inference 18

 

44 Other kinds of proof set aside or included in above ... ... 19

 

45 Analogy, included in Valid Testimony 19

 

46 "Apparent Inconsistency " included in Inference ... ... ... 20

 

47 " Negation " included in " Perception " 21

 

48 " Probability " in Inference 22

 

49 Eumour discarded 22

 

KARIKA VI.

 

50 Introduction 22

 

51 Knowledge of Nature &c., through Inference 23

 

52 Knowledge of others by Revelation ... ... ... 23

 

KARIKA VII.

 

53 Objection Nature &c., being not amenable to the senses, are

 

non-existing ... ... ... ... ... 23

 

54,55 Different causes of non-perception of objects by the Senses 24 25

 

56 Non-perception of an object, no proof of non-existence 25

 

KARIKA VIII.

 

(

 

57 Objection-existence of Nature can be denied like that of sky-

 

flowers-started, and set aside : there are effects bearing testimony

 

to the existence of Nature ... 26

 

68 Such effects mentioned , , 26

 

 

 

KIRIKA IX.

 

59 Different views with regard to the nature of an effect 26

 

60 Impossibility of the existence of Nature being proved in accord

 

ance with the Vedanta and Bauddha tenets 27

 

61 Effect declared to be a permanent Entity ... ... 28

 

62 Bauddha view refuted 28

 

63 Vedanta view refuted , 28

 

 

 

 

 

 

VII

 

PAGE?

 

64 j Yoga and Vaiseshika views criticised and the Sankhya view

 

established ; the first argument in favour there of 29

 

65 The second argument in favour of the effect being an entity ... 29

 

66 The third argument 30

 

67 The fourth argument ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30

 

68 The fifth argument 31

 

69 Proofs of the non -difference of cause and effect ... ... ... 31

 

70 The effect only a particular development of the cause 32r

 

71 J Difference of purpose and action no ground of difference 33

 

72 Objection based on the nature of the manifestation of the effect... 33

 

73 Objection set aside as being common to both theories ... ... 34

 

74 Production of the cloth not identical with the cloth 34

 

75 Necessity of causal operation ... ... ... ... ... ... 34

 

76 Conclusion of the Karika 35

 

KARIKA X.

 

77 Introduction to the consideration of the Manifested ... ... 35

 

78 The Manifested-as having a cause 35

 

79 being non-eternal ... ... ... ... ... 35

 

80 non-pervading... ... ... 35

 

81 active 35

 

82 multi-form 36

 

83 dependent 36

 

84 predicative ... ... ... 36

 

85 conjunct 36

 

86 ,. subordinate ... ... ... 36

 

87 The contrary nature of the Unmanifested 37

 

KAKIKA XI.

 

88 Introduction to Karika XI 3T

 

89 Similarities between the Manifested and the Unmanifested

 

(i) having the three constituent attributes ... ... ... 37

 

90 (ii) being indiscriminative ... ... ... ... ... ... 37

 

91 Objection based on the Bauddha idealism 38

 

92 (iii) Insentient 38

 

93 (iv) Productive 38

 

94 Similarity with Nature stated ... ... ... .., 38

 

95 Dissimilarity of these from Spirit 38

 

96 Objection based on similarity of the Spirit with the Manifested ... 39

 

KARIKA XH.

 

97 Introduction to the consideration of the Attributes 39

 

98 Construction of the Karika 40

 

99 Character of the Attributes as love, aversion and stupefaction ... 40

 

100 The functions of the Attributes 40

 

101 The methctf of operation of the attributes 42

 

 

 

Vlll

 

PAGE.

KARIKA XIII.

 

102 Introduction to Karika XIII 42

 

103 Properties of " Goodness " 42

 

104 Necessity of the properties of " Foulness " ... ... 43

 

105 Necessity of the properties of " Darkness " 43

 

106 Objection based on the impossibility of the co-operation of Attri

 

butes of contradictory properties 43

 

107 Necessity of postulating the three Attributes ... 44

 

KARIKA XIV.

 

108 Question of the Indiscreetness and other properties of the Attri

 

butes 45

 

109 Proof of the existence of such properties ... ... 45

 

110 Question of the Existence of Nature 46

 

KARIKA XV.

 

,111 Why not accept the atomic theory 1 ... 47

 

112 Proofs of Nature s Existence (1) initial Separation and final re

 

union of cause and effect 48

 

113 (2) Because Evolution is due to Energy ... 49

 

114 Objection : These two reasons might rest with Buddhi. Eeply :

 

(3) from Finiteness 50

 

115 (4) Because of homogenity 50

 

KARIKA XVI.

 

116 Operation through the Attributes ... ... 51

 

117 By a blending of the Attributes ,.. 51

 

118 Objection : How can an attribute of uniform nature produce

 

diverse effects ? Keply ... ... ... 51

 

KARIKA XVII.

 

119 Introduction to the Proofs of Spirit s Existence f ... 52

 

120 Proofs (1) Because all composite objects are for other s purpose. 52

 

121 Objection : and reply 63

 

122 (2) Because there must be supervision 54

 

123 (3) Because there must be one to feel 55

 

124 A different interpretation of proof (3) 55

 

125 (4) Because of the tendency of writers and sages towards Beatitude 55

 

KARIKA XVIII.

 

126 Question of the number of the Spirit raised 56

 

127 (1) From allotment of brith, death and the organs 57

 

128 (2) Since Activity is not Simultaneous 57

 

129 (3) Because the modifications of the Attributes are differert ... 58

 

 

 

IX

 

PAGE*

 

KARIKA XIX.

 

130 introduction to the consideration of Spirit s Properties 68

 

131 Explanation of the force of " this " in the Karika 58

 

132 Necessity of so many Properties ... 58

 

133 Absence of the attributes leads to Emancipation 59

 

134 Neutrality 59

 

KARIKA XX.

 

135 Objection Intelligence and Activity always coexistent 59

 

136 The feeling referred to by the objection must be a mistake ... 60

 

KARIRA XXI.

 

137 Objection what is the need of union ? 60

 

138 Force of the Genetive in " Pradhanasya " Explained 60

 

139 The need of union explained 61

 

140 The creation of Buddhi &c., 61

 

KARIKA XXII.

 

141 The Process of Creation. ... 61

 

142 Process of the production of the Elements 62

 

KARIKA XXIII.

 

143 Introduction to the "definition of Buddhi 62

 

144 Definition of Buddhi explained ... ... 63

 

145 Properties of Buddhi Virtue &c 63

 

146 Four kinds of Dispassion 63

 

147 Eight kinds of Power 64

 

148 Reverse of the above qualities 64

 

KARIKA XXIV.

 

149 Definition of Self-consciousness 65

 

150 Direct effects of Self -consciousness 65

 

KARIKA XXV.

 

IB f Production of Senses 65

 

152 Objection : Purposelessness of Passions ; and Reply thereto ... 66

 

KARIKA XXVI.

 

153 Sense defined 66

 

B

 

 

 

PAOE,

KARIKA XXVH.

 

154 Double nature of mind ... ., ... * 67

 

155 Mind defined ... 67

 

156 Objection : Why make mind a sense? and Reply thereto ... 68

 

157 Whence the multifarious effects from Egoism ? 68

 

158 Destiny also a modification of the Attributes ., 68

 

KAEIKA XXVHI.

 

159 Functions of the ten sense organs 69

 

KARIKA XXIX.

 

160 Reflection of Manas, Self-consciousness of Ahankara and

 

Determination of Buddhi 70

 

161 The five vital Airs common to all 70

 

KARIKA XXX.

 

162 Function of the organs (1) Instantaneous 71

 

163 (2) Gradual 71

 

164 With regard to visible objects function of the internal or

 

gans independent of the external ones 71

 

KARIKA XXXI.

 

165 Objection : Functions permanent or otherwise ? 71

 

166 No collision of the functions of the organs... 72

 

167 Objection : How can insentient organs comprehend each others

 

motives 1 Reply thereto 72

 

KARIKA XXXII,

 

168 Division of the organs introduced 73

 

169 The thirteen organs and their functions 73

 

170 Objects of these functions 73

 

KARIKA XXXIII.

 

..,.,,., c

 

171 Sub-divisions of the organs introduced ... 74

 

172 The three external organs 74

 

173 The ten external organs 74

 

174 External organs operating at the present time, and the internal <

 

at all Times 74

 

175 Time not a distinct principle 75

 

KARIKA XXXIV.

 

176 Objects of external organs introduced 75

 

177 Specific and gross objects of the functions of intellectual organs

 

explained 75

 

178 Do. do. organs of action < 75

 

 

 

XI

 

PAGK.

KARIKA XXXV.

 

179 ,The importance of the internal organs 76

 

KARIKA XXXVI.

 

180 Predominance of Buddhi 77

 

181 The external organs as affections of Attributes 77

 

KARIKA XXXVII.

 

182 Further grounds for the Superiority of Buddhi 78

 

183 Objection: absence of Mukti Reply thereto 78,79

 

KARIKA XXXVIII.

 

184 The Subtile character of the Tanmatras . 79

 

185 The gross Elements produced out of the Tanmatras 79

 

186 These are Specific because soothing terrific and deluding ... 79

 

KARIKA XXIX.

 

187 Three sorts of Specific Objects 80

 

188 Subtile bodies are permanent ... ... 80

 

KARIKA XL.

 

189 Astral body unconfined and permanent 81

 

190 Objection : Two bodies unnecessary, and reply ... 82

 

191 Question : How does the Astral Body migrate ? Reply 82

 

192 Astral Body Dissolving at each Pralaya 82

 

KARIKA XLI.

 

193 Existence of the Astral Body proved 83

 

KARIKA XLII.

 

194 Reason and manner of the migration of the Astral Body ... 84

 

195 Power of the Astral Body due to Nature 84

 

KARIKA XLIII.

 

196 Incidental and Essential Dispositions 85

 

11V*- Flesh, blood &c., related to the gross body 85

 

KARIKA XLIV.

% ,

 

198 Consequences of the various means introduced 85

 

199 Virtue leads to higher planes and vice, to lower 85

 

200 From the reverse, the reverse the threefold bondage 86

 

9

 

 

 

Xll

 

PAGE.

K A RIKA XLV

 

201 Absorption into Prakriti from Dispassion "87

 

202 Transmigration from Passionate attachment ... ... ... 87

 

203 Non-impediment from Power 87

 

KARIKA XL VI.

 

204 Error, Disability, Contentment and Perfection 88

 

205 Fifty Sub-divisions of 88

 

KARIKA LXVH.

 

206 The Fifty forms of Error 89

 

KARIKA XLVIII.

 

207 The Sub-divisions of Error &c introduced ... 89

 

208 Eight forms of Ignorance 89

 

209 Eight forms of Egoism 90

 

210 Ten forms of Attachment 90

 

211 Eighteen forms of Jealously 90

 

212 Eighteen forms of Abhinivesa 90

 

213 The total coming to sixty-two 91

 

KARIKA XLIX.

 

214 The twenty-eight forms of Disability 91

 

215 Eleven forms of disability, those of the sense organs 91

 

216 The seventeen forms of disability of Buddhi 91

 

KARIKA L.

 

217 Nine forms of Contentment 92

 

218 Four forms of internal Contentment 92

 

219 (l)Ambha 92

 

220 (2)Salila 92

 

221 (3)Ogha... . f ... 93

 

222 (4) Vrishti 93

 

223 Five forms of external Contentment 93

 

224 (1) Para 93

 

225 (2) Supara ... ,94

 

226 (3) Parapara ... ... 94

 

227 (4) Anuttamambha 94

 

228 (5) Uttamambha &*

 

KARIKA LI.

 

229 Forms of Power introduced 94

 

230 The eight forms of Power 95

 

231 (l)Tara Study... 95

 

 

 

Xlll

 

 

 

PAGE.

 

252 (2) Sntara Word 95

 

233 (3) Taratara Reasoning 95

 

234 "(4) Ramyaka Acquisition of Friends ... 95

 

235 (5) Sadamudita Purity 95

 

236 The three consequent on the suppression of three kinds of pain 96

 

237 The first five forms otherwise explained 96

 

238 Error &c. are hooks to the Powers 96

 

KARIKA LII.

 

239 Necessity of the Linga (InteHectual creation) 97

 

240 Proofs of the above 97

 

241 Objection of reciprocality let aside 98

 

KARIKA LIII.

 

242 Forms of the intellectual creation introduced 98

 

243 The eight Divine sorts 98

 

244 Five of the Lower Animals 98

 

245 Mankind single 98

 

KARIKA LIV.

 

246 Threefoldness of the intellectual creation introduced 99

 

247 Six Heavenly Regions 99

 

KARIKA LV.

 

248 Creation productive of pain ... ... ... ... 99

 

249 Imposition of pleasure and pain on Spirit 100

 

250 Do. due to Spirit s non-discrimination 100

 

KARIKA LVI.

 

251 Question of the Maker of the Universe introduced 100

 

252 Creation due to Nature 101

 

253 Creation for another s (Spirit s) sake ... 101

 

i

 

KARIKA LVII.

 

254 Objection incapacity of insentient Nature of creation ... ... 101

 

255 .Reply instance oi the flow of milk 102

 

255# View of a personal God overthrown 1^2

 

256 Freedom of the Sankhya theory from faults 103

 

*">

 

KARIKA LVIII.

 

257 " How for Spirit s purpose "2 Explained 103

 

KARIKA LIX.

 

258 <{ Whence the cessation of the operations of Nature "? Explained. 103

 

 

 

XIV

 

PAGE.

KARIKA LX.

 

259 " Nature acts for no compensation"... .,. ... rr)4

 

KARIKA LXI.

 

260 No reappearance of Nature with regard to an emancipated Spirit 104

 

KARIKA LXII.

 

e

 

261 Objection: emancipation and bondage not possible to unmodi-

 

fying Spirit ... 105

 

262 Reply: "No Spirit is bound, nor migrates &c." ... 105

 

KARIKA LXIII.

 

263 " Nature binds herself by seven forms &c." 106

 

KARIKA LXIV.

 

264 "Truth" explained ,. ... 107

 

265 The purity of wisdom explained 107

 

266 Objection based on the eternal tendency to false knowledge ... 107

 

267 The form of discriminative knowledge 107

 

268 "Completion "of the knowledge 108

 

KARIKA LXV.

 

269 Cause of the cessation of Nature s operation 108

 

KARIKA LXVI.

 

270 Objection " though one set of objects has been enjoyed, others

 

remain to be enjoyed" ... 109

 

271 Reply: "The Spirit having attained to wisdom, there is no motive

 

to further action " 110

 

KARIKA LXVII.

 

272 Objection: The body dissolving on the attainment of wisdom, how

 

could the bodiless Spirit behold Nature ? 110

 

273 Body continues in obedience to the momentum imparted by previ- "

 

ous Karma Ill

 

KARIKA LXVIH.

 

274 Final release of the Spirit 112

 

KARIKA LXIX.

 

275 The precedence of Kapila ... 112

 

 

 

XV

 

PAGE.

KARIKA LXX.

 

276 Importance of the Sankhya doctrine 113

 

KARIKA LXXI.

 

277 "Arya" explained 113

 

KARIKA LXXII.

 

278 The Treatise is a whole, not a part ... 113

 

 

 

ERRATA.

 

 

 

P. 26 Line 3 for " unction " (in rhetoric) read "taste"

 

J5 55 1 !J >J >J W >J

 

P. 56 to the left of line IS read " (126),"